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Abstract
Given the importance of the early childhood years, innovations to improve programs and services for this age range are vital, particularly for the marginalized populations in society.
Notes
1 Pianta, R., Howes, C., Burchinal, M., Bryant, D., Clifford, R., Early, D., & Barbarin, O. (2005) Features of pre-kindergarten programs, classrooms, and teachers: Do they predict observed classroom quality and child-teacher interactions. Applied Developmental Science, 9(3), 144-159.
2 Bassok, D., & Galdo, E. (2015). Inequality in preschool quality: Community-level disparities in access to high-quality learning environments. Charlottesville, VA: EdPolicyWorks, University of Virginia.
3 Flores, N., & Rosa, J. (2015). Undoing appropriateness: Raciolinguistic ideologies and language diversity in education. Harvard Educational Review, 85(2), 149-171. doi:10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.149
4 Cabrera, N. (2013). Positive development of minority children. Sharing Child and Youth Development Knowledge, 27(2), 1-30.
5 U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights. (2014). 2011-2012 civil rights data collection: Suspension of preschool children. Retrieved from http://ocrdata.ed.gov/Downloads/CRDC-Early-Childhood-Education-Snapshot.pdf
6 Aratani, Y., Wight, V. R., & Cooper, J. L. (2011). Racial gaps in early childhood: Socio-emotional health, developmental, and educational outcomes among African American boys. New York, NY: National Center for Children in Poverty.
7 National Center on Education Statistics. (2018). Achievement gaps. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/studies/gaps/
8 King, L., Hinterland, K., Dragan, K. L., Driver, C. R., Harris, T. G., Gwynn, R. C., … Bassett, M. T. (2015). Bronx community district 4: Highbridge and Concourse. Community health profiles 2015. New York, NY: New York City Health. Retrieved from https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/data/2015chp-bx4.pdf
9 U.S. Census Bureau. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.cccnewyork.org/wpcontent/publications/CCCReport.ConcentratedPoverty.April-2012.pdf