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Abstract
Dilute hydrogen diffusion flames have been considered as a gas turbine combustion strategy that provides relatively low levels of NOx emissions for application in integrated gasification combined cycle power generation. These flames also represent a challenging environment for computational modeling efforts due to the complexity of molecular transport effects, turbulence-chemistry interaction, and near extinction flame conditions. In order to provide data for validation of computational modeling efforts, measurements of major species concentration and flame temperature were made in such a flame using spontaneous Raman scattering. Experimental results demonstrate the importance of differential species diffusion, which occurs due to the disparity between diffusion characteristics of hydrogen and nitrogen. Additionally, the flame temperatures observed were quite low relative to the equilibrium flame temperature, due to flame strain. This confirms the fact that suppression of the thermal mechanism of NOx formation plays a significant role in reducing NOx emissions from this type of flame.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
NOMENCLATURE
| Si | = | scattering intensity for species i |
| C | = | cross-talk calibration matrix |
| T | = | temperature |
| N | = | number density |
| x | = | mole fraction |
| f | = | mixture fraction |
| Z | = | atomic mass fraction |
| Φ | = | equivalence ratio |
| Tad | = | adiabatic flame temperature |
| Tcorr | = | flame temperature corrected for heat loss to the calibration burner surface |