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ABSTRACT
Elevator evacuation has attracted increasing attention as an efficient transport method in high-rise buildings, which is one of the most complex and interesting areas of modern fire research. Through a 3D numerical model built from ANSYS Fluent, this paper studied the influence of elevator motion on the gas characteristics as well as the effectiveness of the smoke control system in the lobby during elevator evacuation in a high-rise building fire. Pressure distribution, temperature distribution and CO concentration distribution in the elevator lobby were analyzed. It was found that the elevator motion decreased the pressure in the elevator lobby while increased the temperature and CO concentration, which indicated that more fire smoke had spread into the lobby when the elevators moved and the effectiveness of the smoke control systems had been weaken. When the elevator velocity was increased from 0 m/s to 2 m/s, the lowest pressure in the lobby was decreased by 566.7%; the temperature line was mostly above the line representing the still elevator; the CO concentration experienced the most change at the height of 2 m: the highest CO concentration was, respectively, increased by 30.4% and 26.7% when the air supply volume (qs) was 0 m3/h and 20000 m3/h. As the air supply volume in the lobby increased, the pressure was increased while the temperature and the CO concentration was decreased. Changes of temperature lines and CO concentration lines under various air supply volumes were very similar. When qs was increased from 0 m3/h to 20000 m3/h, the pressure in the lobby was increased from 0 Pa to around 8 Pa, the highest temperature and CO concentration were decreased by 23.8% and 87.5%, respectively.
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science [Grant No. HZ2018-KF01], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 71573215], and the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science [grant number HZ2017-KF11].
Nomenclature
| A | = | Area |
| cp | = | specific heat |
| E | = | energy |
| h | = | enthalpy |
| = | diffusion flux | |
| k | = | thermal conductivity |
| n | = | time level |
| p | = | pressure |
| q | = | volume |
| S | = | source term |
| t | = | time |
| T | = | temperature |
| u | = | velocity |
| V | = | volume |
| x | = | displacement |
| Y | = | mass fraction |
| z | = | height |
Greek Symbols
| v | = | kinematic viscosity |
| = | density | |
| = | turbulent stress | |
| = | diffusion coefficient | |
| = | integral form of the conservation equation for a general scalar |
Subscripts
| e | = | elevator |
| eff | = | effective value |
| h | = | heat |
| i | = | species i |
| j | = | species j |
| m | = | mesh |
| ref | = | reference value |
| s | = | supply |
| t | = | turbulent |