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Research Article

Analysis of Dispersibility Effect of Carbon Additives on Ignitability of Ammonium-Dinitramide-Based Ionic Liquid Propellants Using Continuous Wave Laser Heating

ORCID Icon &
Pages 1186-1206 | Received 23 Aug 2021, Accepted 10 Aug 2022, Published online: 23 Aug 2022
 

ABSTRACT

Ammonium dinitramide-based ionic liquids (ADN-EILPs) are a promising alternative to hydrazine monopropellants. Continuous wave (CW) laser heating using carbon wools is an effective approach to attain the rapid ignition of ADN-EILPs. This study aims to verify the influence of the dispersibility of carbon additives in ADN-EILPs on their ignition. The investigation was performed by performing fluorescence microscopy of samples imitating the mixture of ADN-EILPs with carbon additives and CW laser ignition tests of ADN-EILPs with several yarn-lengths of carbon wools. Based on these results, the dispersity mechanism of carbon additives in ADN-EILPs is proposed, which indicates that the use of high-power laser is not an effective approach to ignite ADN-EILPs consisting of carbon additives with high dispersibility. During sample preparation for the ignition tests, it was verified that the difference in the length of carbon yarns affects the bulk density and morphology of the prepared samples, and dispersibility of carbons. The results of the ignition tests indicate that samples whose morphology altered into a liquid-like morphology cannot be ignited and the ones who retained their original one can be ignited. The physical distribution of the residue of samples with a liquid-like morphology, observed after the ignition tests, agrees with the discussion regarding the dispersibility mechanism of carbon additives, obtained through fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, for the samples exhibiting an ignition capacity, the bulk density of additives would be crucial to be considered to achieve the effective ignition.

Acknowledgements

Fluorescence microscopic observations were supported by Mr. Masao Nagasawa of Keyence Co.Ltd. This research was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow JSPS-18J14397.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Symbols and subscripts

Symbols
I=

Current

V=

Volume

λ=

Wavelength

ɸ=

Laser power

t=

Time

c=

Speed of light

T=

Temperature

P=

Pressure

h=

Height

l=

Length

x=

Coordinate on x-axis

y=

Coordinate on y-axis

d=

Diameter

n=

Number of experiments

F=

Force

J=

Energy density

η=

Viscosity

ρ=

Density

γ=

Surface tension

ν=

Kinetic viscosity

L=

Characteristic length

Δ=

Difference

β=

Coefficient of thermal expansion

α=

Thermal diffusivity

v=

Velocity

Ma=

Marangoni number

Gr=

Grashof number

Subscripts

max=

maximum

ef=

effective

exp=

experiments

laser=

laser beam

rad=

radiation pressure by laser beam

un=

unit

L=

liquid

m=

molar

0=

initial state

1=

state after a certain time (Δt) spends

c=

critical

s-210=

the sample named S-210

s-231=

the sample named S-210

s-241=

the sample named S-210

10%=

10% of maximum power of metal halide lamp

20%=

20% of maximum power of metal halide lamp

40%=

40% of maximum power of metal halide lamp

100%=

maximum power of metal halide lamp

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the JSPS [18J14397].

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