Study on the Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Yield Components, and Nodulation State of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract

To study the effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) on yield and nodulation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ILC 482, a spilt-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2008 at the experimental farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Mohaghegh, Ardabili. Experimental factors were inorganic N fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha⁻¹) in the main plots that applied in the urea form, and two levels of inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation) as subplots. Nitrogen application and Rh. inoculation continued to have positive effects on yield and its attributes. The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha⁻¹) and Rh. inoculation. Application of 75 and 100 kg ha⁻¹ urea showed no significant difference in these traits. Furthermore, the greatest rate of N usage (100 kg urea ha⁻¹) adversely inhibited nodulation of chickpea. Number and dry weight of nodules per plant decreased significantly with increasing N application rate. The lowest values of these traits recorded in application of 100 kg ha⁻¹ urea. Results indicated that application of suitable amounts of N fertilizer (i.e., between 50 and 75 kg urea ha⁻¹) as starter can be beneficial to improve nodulation, growth, and final yield of inoculated chickpea plants.

Keywords:

• Chickpea
• grain yield
• nitrogen fertilizer
• nodulation
• Rhizobium
• yield components