Comparative Effect of Two Different Types of Phosphate on Cadmium Uptake by Radish (Raphanus sativa L.) Grown in Arable Soil Affected by Mine Activity

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of type of phosphate (P) material on reducing soil cadmium (Cd) extractability and radish Cd uptake in the field, two different P materials, fused superphosphate (FSP) and dipotassium phosphate (K₂HPO₄), were applied at rates of 0, 33.5, 100.5, and 167.5 kg P ha⁻¹ before seeding radish (Raphanus sativa L.) in a Cd-contaminated soil. Plant-available Cd concentration in soil and total Cd uptake by radish increased with increasing FSP application but decreased with K₂HPO₄. The significant decrease in soil pH and negative charge of soil by FSP application led to an increase in bioavailable Cd fraction in soil and in Cd uptake by radish. However, K₂HPO₄ increased soil pH and negative charge of soil and decreased bioavailable Cd fractions. Soil pH and negative charge of soil played an important role in controlling Cd uptake by radish in soil to which phosphate was applied.

Keywords:

• Cadmium
• immobilization
• net negative charge
• phosphate
• precipitation

Funding

This study was supported by Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea (Project No. PJ906961).