Determination of Trace Amounts of Cadmium Ions in Water and Plant Samples Using Ligand-Less Solid Phase Extraction-Based Modified Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT

In this study, a new Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) coated with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is developed for preconcentration of trace amounts of cadmium ions (Cd ²⁺) as a prior step to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effects of various parameters, including pH of sample solution, amount of sorbent, flow rates of solution and eluent, sample volume, type, and least amount of the eluent for elution of the Cd ²⁺ from Co₃O₄ NPs were studied and optimized. Experimental conditions for effective separation of trace levels of the Cd ²⁺were optimized with respect to different experimental parameters in Column method. Under the best experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.0–500.0 ng.mL⁻¹ of cadmium (Cd) with R² = 0.999. The detection limit was 0.4ng.mL⁻¹ in the original solution (3S_b/m) and the relative standard deviation for eight replicate determination of 0.1µg.mL⁻¹ Cd was ±2.1%. The method was validated by the analysis of a certified reference material with the results being in agreement with those quoted by manufactures. The developed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of Cd in water and food samples with satisfactory results.

KEYWORDS:

• Cadmium
• Co₃O₄ nanoparticles
• flame atomic absorption spectrometry
• preconcentration
• solid phase extraction

Funding

The authors wish to thank the Ilam University Research Council for financial support of this work.

Additional information

Funding

The authors wish to thank the Ilam University Research Council for financial support of this work.