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Notes
1. Nobel Prize 2013.
2. Nobel Prize 1915.
3. Nobel Prize 1918.
4. Nobel Prize 1921.
5. Nobel Prize 1908.
6. Nobel Prize 1922.
7. Nobel Prize 1929.
8. Nobel Prize 1932.
9. Nobel Prize 1933 shared with P.A.M. Dirac.
10. See note 9.
11. Nobel Prize 1967 for stellar nucleosynthesis.
12. See note 4.
13. The history of discoveries about light (photons) leaves a legacy by which photons of different energies are routinely called by names that can be puzzling – not unlike finding a character or protagonist in Russian literature referred to by one or more names that are unrelated and unfathomable to the uninformed reader; in terms of wavelengths (λ) measured in units of 10−8 cm (Å) spectra are labelled as infrared (IR) λ ≈ 107 Å, visible λ ≈ 3800–7600 Å, ultraviolet (UV) λ ≈ 1000–4000 Å, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) λ ≈ 100–2000, soft X-rays λ ≈ 1–100 Å and hard X-rays λ < 1 Å. The relation between wavelength and photon energy E (keV) is λ ≈ (12.4/E) Å.
14. See note 13.