Biering-Sorensen test performance of Japanese young males: comparison with other ethnicities and relationship to electromyography, near-infrared spectroscopy and exertion ratings

Abstract

Back muscle endurance is a predictor of future low back pain and is commonly assessed using the Biering-Sorensen Test (BST). Differences exist between ethnic groups that may affect the performance and interpretation of the BST and should be investigated. This study's aim was to explore objective and subjective measures of the BST in a Japanese group in comparison with previous studies in other ethnic groups. A total of 27 young male Japanese students performed the BST while measures of muscle fatigue were collected. The mean BST time (152.7 (32.5) s) was greater than the median of the reported mean times in other ethnic groups over the previous decade (128.6 s). Objective measures indicated that the Japanese subjects' lumbar muscles were as fatigued as those of previous studies, while subjective measures appear to indicate that subjects under-reported exertion. The better performance of the Japanese subjects in the BST may reflect physical, psychosocial and lifestyle differences related to ethnicity.

Statement of Relevance: Ergonomics research and practice needs to be applicable to different ethnic groups. Despite the substantial body of evidence on back muscle endurance and indications of potential ethnicity related differences, this had not been previously investigated. These results help ergonomists to interpret physical ergonomics evidence in a multi-ethnic world.

Keywords:

• Biering-Sorensen
• electromyography
• ethnic differences
• fatigue
• near-infrared spectroscopy

Acknowledgements

We thank Shingo Nakane, Sakiko Yura, Sachiko Sugino, Ren Mizuno, Paul Davey for assistance with data collection and processing.

The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.