Some pitfalls in the promises of automated and autonomous vehicles

Abstract

Differing forms of self-operating transportation are already among us and some have been in operation now for an extended period of time. From elevators and escalators to airport transit trams, we already use many fully automatic systems. Now such technologies are very publicly and prominently penetrating into the on-road environment of everyday personal vehicle usage. The present article raises and addresses a number of the specific and more general human factors/ergonomic issues associated with such an evolutionary step. One particular concern is that of identified responsibility when such systems fail to perform flawlessly. The ways in which this (r)evolution will impact the social and cultural fabric of affected societies is also considered. Further observations as to the vector of the future characteristics of these vehicular forms and how they and other autonomous systems will affect our world are examined. The very future of the human experience depends upon the ways in which such systems are designed, enacted and integrated into everyday life and these are fundamentally ergonomic endeavours.Practitioner’s Summary: The prominence of practitioners working on advanced human-machine systems will increase with public concerns surrounding self-driving vehicles. Driverless cars are not only a technological step but they will also exert widespread effects throughout society. Practitioners should prepare for these broad socio-technical challenges in an evolving, autonomous world.

Keywords:

• Automation
• driverless vehicles
• autonomy
• future of transportation

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Table 1. Factors involved in trust development in human-robot interaction.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Mr Phillip Thomas for insightful comments on the original submission and the most helpful observations of the three unknown reviewers whose observation have significantly helped to sharpen and clarify the idea expressed.

Notes

1 My misspelling is intentional here. It recapitulates the Latin tag, ‘caveat emptor,’ (let the buyer beware), as both purchaser and current controller, The term ‘drivor’ was thought more apposite and memorable.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

P. A. Hancock

Peter Hancock is Provost’s Distinguished Research Professor, University Pegasus Professor and University Trustee Chair in the Department of Psychology and the Institute for Simulation and Training at the University of Central Florida. He is the author of over nine hundred refereed scientific articles and publications. He has been continuously funded by extramural sources for the entirety of his thirty-three-year career. He has won the Jastrzebowski Medal of the Polish Ergonomics Society, the Frederic Bartlett Medal of the Chartered Institute for Ergonomics and Human Factors and the Norbert Wiener Award of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. He can be contacted at [email protected].