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Parkinson’s disease affects gaze behaviour and performance of drivers

Gisele C. Gotardia Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;b Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, BrazilCorrespondence[email protected]

Fabio A. Barbieria Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;c Laboratory of Human Movement Research, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-8456

Rafael O. Simãoa Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;b Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

Vinicius A. Pereiraa Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;c Laboratory of Human Movement Research, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

André M. Baptistaa Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;c Laboratory of Human Movement Research, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

Luiz F. Imaizumia Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;c Laboratory of Human Movement Research, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-2297

Gabriel Morettoa Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;c Laboratory of Human Movement Research, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

Martina Navarrod Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Paula F. Polastria Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;b Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

Sérgio T. Rodriguesa Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil;b Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PD and ageing on gaze behaviour and performance of drivers in a simulated task. Ten drivers with PD, ten neurologically healthy older drivers, and ten neurologically healthy younger adult drivers were asked to drive in a car simulator for three minutes, maintaining car speed between 100 and 120 km/h and avoiding collisions. Driver’s eye movements were recorded. Drivers with PD had more collisions and spent less time driving within the speed zone than the younger-drivers. Drivers with PD performed an increased number of fixations towards task-irrelevant areas of the visual scene and higher visual entropy, indicating a more random gaze behaviour. Older drivers restricted their visual search to the lane area in order to detect threat-related stimuli. PD led to drops in performance of drivers in the car simulator.

Practitioner summary: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and ageing process caused a drop in driving performance. Drivers with PD made fewer fixations on task-relevant information and showed higher visual entropy than young adults. Older drivers restricted their visual search to the lane than other areas of interest.

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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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Parkinson’s disease affects gaze behaviour and performance of drivers

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Parkinson’s disease affects gaze behaviour and performance of drivers

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