Reflectance of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been measured over 15-30000 cm-1 (2-3720 meV). The sample is a free-standing film composed of purified SWNTs. The temperature dependence of the reflectance is quite small at all temperatures studied (7.8 K to 298 K) and no vibrational features are observed. The spectra have a Drude-like dispersion, the reflectance monotonically decreasing as photon energy increases, with a plasma edge around 2500 cm-1 (310 meV). The dispersion is analyzed by a Drude model combined with a low-frequency localized band. The optical conductivity derived from a Kramers-Kronig analysis shows a strong peak at 135 cm-1 (17 meV), which corresponds to the Lorentzian absorption in the dispersion analysis. This far-infrared band is assigned to a pseudogap in metallic armchair nanotubes and/or to small-gaps in zigzag or chiral nanotubes. The sum-rule calculation indicates that the one third of SWNTs in our sample belongs to the class of metallic or small-gap SWNTs. The lineshape of the far-infrared conductivity is explained by an effective medium approximation to calculate the dielectric function for the mixture of metallic and semiconducting SWNTs.
Ferroelectrics
Volume 249, 2001 - Issue 1
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