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Abstract
Porous lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT 90:10) relaxors were impregnated with water to provide a model conductor-insulator mixture, to study their power law frequency dependency of ac conductivity, permittivity and phase angle. Relaxor materials with a range of open porosity filled with water created composites with conductor volume fractions ranging from 8.2% to 22.2%. The use of a high relative permittivity PMN-PT (∼ 8000) enabled the power law dispersion to be observed at relatively low frequencies (∼ 2 kHz). Good agreement was obtained between experimental data and predicted results based on a logarithmic mixing rule with a strong correlation between the power law exponent and conductor-insulator fraction. The model and numerical methods presented are considered a simple approach to interpret and predict and the frequency dependent properties of materials which similar heterogeneity.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the UK Great Western Research (GWR) and Bath Institute for Complex Systems (BICS) for supporting this research.