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Abstract
It is well known that acceptor and donor doping results in opposite ferroelectric aging effects; however, the aging effects in hybrid-doped (acceptor+donor) materials has remained mysterious. Thus, the aging behavior of dielectric and ferroelectric properties in Fe 3+ /Nb 5+ hybrid-doped BaTiO 3 ceramics was investigated in this study. The concentration of acceptor dopant (Fe 3 + ) was fixed at 1 mol%, while that of donor dopant (Nb 5+ ) was varied from 0.5–2.0 mol%. The SEM and XRD techniques were used to study the microstructure and phase formation, respectively. The results showed that the dielectric properties of all de-aged samples decreased exponentially with time. The aged samples with 0.5 and 1.0 mol% Nb 5+ obviously showed constricted hysteresis loops, while those with higher concentration of Nb 5+ (1.5–2.0 mol%) showed normal hysteresis loops. The explanations based on the effects of defect dipole were discussed.
Acknowledgments
This work was jointly supported by Thailand Research Fund (TRF), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Project (DPST), Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, and Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization).