Near Field Optical Microscopy in Periodically Poled LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Superlattices

Abstract

This paper presents a study of the behaviour as optical superlattices of periodically poled LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ crystals using the Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) technique. The periodic ferroelectric domains were formed either by electric field poling technique or by the “off-centre Czochralski method” during crystal growth. SNOM patterns were recorded in both collective and reflective configuration, simultaneously with surface topography measurement by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). It has been found that regardless of the method used to create the domains, a modulation in the SNOM signal intensity is correlated with the ferroelectric domain structure. The maximum intensity of the collected or reflected SNOM light intensity is centred on the negative domains, whereas the minimum intensity is positioned on the positive domains. This result demonstrates that the modulation of the refractive index is related to the domains and not with the wall between them.

Keywords:

• SNOM
• ferroelectric domains
• superlattices