Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sodium Potassium Bismuth Titanates

Abstract

(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ (BNT) is an excellent candidate lead-free piezoelectric material system. This study prepares BNT ceramics using the hydrothermal method at 180°C with an NaOH concentration of 12 M. The effect of potassium content on the crystal structure of the ceramics is studied. A single phase of [Bi_0.5(Na_1−xK_x)_0.5]TiO₃ ceramics is obtained using the process applied to obtain BNT. The phase structure transformed from rhombohedral to tetragonal at x = 0.3, as evidenced by the disappearance of the cubic phase. The surface morphology of the materials is affected by K substitution.

Keywords:

• Crystal structure
• growth from solution
• perovskites
• ferroelectric materials