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Abstract
The highest anisotropy of electromechanical coupling factor in a calcium modified lead titanate ceramic is obtained when for a given composition and ceramic micro-texture of free pbO into the grain boundaries, the electric poling is performed at the ferroelectric phase and as close as possible to the Curie temperature. Electric poling starting at the paraelectric phase leads to Kp ≠ O even for further poling at the ferroelectric phase.