![Sample our Physical Sciences journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/110819/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Physical-Sciences.jpg"})
Abstract
The state of the art in the Czochralski growth of various optical-quality ferroelectric tungsten bronze single crystals is reviewed with respect to crystal structure, phase transitions and cationic make-up. Based on our growth of over 25 single crystal bronzes, we have classified these bronzes into four categories having distinctly different ferroelectric and optical characteristics. With the use of this classification, optimal bronzes can be chosen for specific electro-optic and photorefractive applications.
