Polyads types of the mimosoid clade (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae): size and pollen numbers variations

Abstract

The pollen morphology of 17 species and three varieties of the native mimosoid clade of forest fragments of the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) was studied in order to expand the knowledge on the morphology of genera and species of this group, in particular on the morphology of polyads, as well as add information to pollen studies for species of Caesalpinioideae occurring in the area. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, described qualitatively and illustrated under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (not acetolysed pollen grains). Pollen metric data were examined by descriptive and multivariate analysis. The studied species showed differences on the pollen units (monads or polyads) and variations in number and distribution of pollen grains in the polyads. Three pollen types were observed: type I, pollen grains in monads (Plathymenia reticulata); type II, polyads with one tapered end (drop shape – Calliandra parviflora); type III, polyads with uniform ends with asymmetrically distributed pollen grains (Stryphnodendron species); or symmetrically (with 16 or 20 pollen grains in Acacia plumosa, Albizia niopoides, Anadenanthera species, Inga marginata, Inga vera and Senegalia species and more than 20 pollen grains in Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Inga edulis and Inga sessilis). The qualitative differences and the measuremets of the diameters of the polyads, made it possible to distinguish the taxa and to confirm the eurypalynous character of the mimosoid clade (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae).

Keywords:

• Brazil
• hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)
• eurypalynous
• Leguminosae
• palynology
• principal component analysis (PCA)

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the curators of Herbaria SJRP and SP for kindly allowing pollen sampling for the present study. E. L. Soares is funded by FAPESP (The São Paulo Research Foundation – Grant 2016/23531-0).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Specimens investigated

Albizia niopoides (Spruce ex Benth.) Burkart. Brazil: São Paulo, Paulo de Faria, Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria. F. Tomassetto, A. A. Rezende, N. Taroda 221, 05/XII/2002 (SJRP/26608)*.

Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, RPPN Vale do Ainhanduí, Fazenda Douradinho, Distrito de Casa Verde. A. A. Rezende, 1320; N. T. Ranga, 1320, 24/VIII/2012 (SJRP/31197)*. Brazil: São Paulo, Araçatuba, Fazenda Santo Antônio. A. A. Rezende 03, 10/X/1992 (SJRP/10618). Brazil: Paraná, Cerro Azul, Estrela. G. Hatschbach 50330, 09/XII/1985 (SJRP/12351). Brazil: São Paulo, Araçatuba, Fazenda Santo Antônio. A. A. Rezende 87, 25/IX/1993 (SJRP/10621).

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul. Brazil: São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, Córrego da porteira. M. V. P. Destro et al. n.n., 31/I/2003 (SJRP/27914)*. Brazil: São Paulo, Araçatuba, Fazenda Santo Antônio. A. A. Rezende 21, 22/II/1993 (SJRP/10614). Brazil: São Paulo, Potirendaba, mata ciliar do Ribeirão Borá. I. I. Pedrão, F. D. Arantes, S. R. de Souza 34, 22/II/1993 (SJRP/20059).

Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. var. peregrina. Brazil: São Paulo, Ipiguá, Estrada de Ipiguá. P. N. Camargo 20, 09/IX/1962 (SJRP/00497)*.

Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) Altschul. Brazil: São Paulo, Jaboticabal, Fazenda Santa Isabel. E. H. A. Rodrigues 90, 21/X/1994 (SJRP)*. Brazil: São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, bosque municipal. K. G. Melzi, E. R. Avelino n.n., 20/IX/1996 (SJRP/14930).

Calliandra parviflora Benth. Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul, Indaiá do Sul, Cachoeira aos fundos da cidade. M. R. Pietrobom da Silva, F. R. Nonato, F. Firetti 2914, 18/II/1996 (SJRP/12231)*.

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. Brazil: São Paulo, Tibagi, saída para Castro. M. C. Dias et al. 54, 09/X/1994 (SJRP/18455)*. Brazil: São Paulo, Paulo de Faria, Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria. V. Stranghetti 387, 13/IX/1994 (SJRP/10108). Brazil: São Paulo, Potirendaba, mata ciliar do Ribeirão Borá. I. I. Pedrão, F. D. Arantes, S. R. de Souza 01, 28/IX/1998 (SJRP – 19991).

Inga edulis Mart. Brazil: São Paulo, Paulo de Faria, Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria. V. Stranghetti 191, 14/IX/1993 (SJRP/10098)*.

Inga marginata Willd. Brazil: São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, Instituto Penal Agrícola (IPA). K. G. Jelzi, E. R. Avelino n.n., 26/VIII/1994 (SJRP/09966)*.

Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart. Brazil: São Paulo, Guaratinguetá, Reserva Florestal – EEAR. D. C. Cavalcanti 322, 02/VII/1996 (SJRP/23053)*.

Inga vera Willd. Brazil: São Paulo, Jaboticabal, Fazenda Santa Izabel, margem esquerda do rio Moji-Guaçu. E. A. Rodrigues 307, 24/IV/1995 (SP/277115)*.

Piptadenia trisperma (Vell.) Benth. Brazil: São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto. G. de Marinis 83, 21/I/1963 (SJRP/00501)*. Brazil: São Paulo, Ibaté, Fazenda Fortaleza. A. R. Martins 8, 28/I/2000 (SJRP/21148).

Plathymenia reticulata Benth. Brazil: Minas Gerais, Paraopeba, Horto Florestal de Paraopeba. E. M. de Menezes 1224, 11/X/1972 (SJRP/00493)*. Brazil: São Paulo, Cardoso, Fazenda Marinheiro. G. de Marinis 370, 26/X/1965 (SJRP/00499).

Senegalia lacerans (Benth.) Seigler et Ebinger. Brazil: São Paulo, Ubatuba, Estação Experimental. C. Smith n.n., 01/XI/1939 (SP/43817)*.

Senegalia lowei (L.Rico) Seigler et Ebinger. Brazil: São Paulo, Turmalina, Fazenda São João. M. V. Martins 68, 14/I/2008 (SJRP/30425)*.

Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton et Rose. Brazil: Minas Gerais, Paraopeba, Horto Florestal. I. F. M. Válio 323, 08/IX/1964 (SP/80155)*. Brazil: São Paulo, Macaubal, distrito de Ida Iolanda. M. V. Martins 64, 11/I/2008 (SJRP/30400). Brazil: Minas Gerais, Santa Luzia, Vaspasiano. M. Barreto 6400, 25/III/1933 (SP/38100). Brazil: Minas Gerais, Unaí. B. A. S. Pereira 1677, 19/II/1991 (SP/249644). Brazil: São Paulo, Amparo, Monte Alegre, Fazenda Ponte Alta. M. Kuhlmann 226, 19/XII/1942 (SP/48016).

Senegalia serra (Benth.) Seigler et Ebinger. Brazil: Minas Gerais, Piauí, Fazenda São Clemente. E. P. Heringer 1202, 06/IV/1943 (SP/49386)*.

Senegalia velutina (DC.) Seigler et Ebinger. Brazil: São Paulo, Pindamonhangaba, Fazenda São Sebastião do Ribeirão Grande. S. A. Nicolau, H. Guedes Souza, P. L. B. Tomasulo 695, 02/XII/1993 (SP/270108)*.

Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville. Brazil: São Paulo, Potirendaba, Fragmento Florestal do Sítio São Pedro. D. Almella, L. R. Gimenez 103, 25/XI/1999 (SJRP/23951)*.

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. Brazil: São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto. G. de Marinis 102, 15/IV/1963 (SJRP/00502)*.

* Specimen used for illustrations

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2016/23531-0].