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Articles

Clinical Hypnosis as an Adjunct to Cognitive Behavior Therapy: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Klinische Hypnose als Zusatz zu Kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie: Eine aktualisierte Meta-Analyse

L’hypnose clinique en complément de la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale: une méta-analyse actualisée

Hipnosis clínica como herramienta adjunta a la terapia cognitivo conductual: Un metaanálisis actualizado

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 169-202 | Received 25 Oct 2019, Accepted 14 May 2020, Published online: 01 Mar 2021
 

ABSTRACT

In 1995, Kirsch and colleagues published an influential meta-analysis (k = 20, N = 577) which found that CBT enhanced with hypnosis (CBTH) was superior to CBT alone by at least d = .53. However, a lack of full replication and the emergence of new empirical studies prompted this updated analysis. A total of 48 post- (N = 1,928) and 25 follow-up treatments (N = 1,165) were meta-analyzed. CBTH achieved small to medium but statistically significant advantages over CBT at posttreatment (dIGPP/d = .25 to .41), and specifically in the management of depressed mood and pain. At follow-up, there was a medium sized advantage for CBTH (dIGPP/d = .54 to .59), and specifically for the treatment of obesity. These results further support the adjunctive use of hypnosis as an enhancer of CBT’s efficaciousness and endurance as a treatment.

Nicolino Ramondo, Gilles E. Gignac, Carmela F. Pestell, und Susan M. Byrne

Zusammenfassung: In einer viel zitierten Meta-Analyse (k = 20, N = 577) von Kirsch, Montgomery und Sapirstein (1995) wurde gefunden, dass Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT), verstärkt durch Hypnose (CBTH) der CBT allein um zumindest d = 0.53 überlegen war. Indessen veranlassten das Fehlen einer vollen Replizierung und das Erscheinen neuer empirischer Studien diese aktualisierte Analyse. Insgesamt wurden 48 Post- (N = 1.928) und 25 Follow-up-Untersuchungen (N = 1.165) der Meta-Analyse unterzogen. CBTH erreichte kleine bis mittlere, jedoch statistisch signifikante Vorteile gegenüber CBT im Posttreatment (dIGPP/d = 0.25 bis 0.41) und das speziell im Umgang mit depressiver Stimmung und Schmerz. Im Follow-up ergab sich ein mittlerer Vorteil für CBTH (dIGPP/d = 0.54 bis 0.59) und das insbesondere bei der Behandlung von Adipositas. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen weiterhin den zusätzlichen Einsatz von Hypnose als Verstärker für Effektivität und andauernde Wirkung der CBT-Behandlung.

Alida Iost-Peter

Dipl.-Psych.

Nicolino Ramondo, Gilles E. Gignac, Carmela F. Pestell, et Susan M. Byrne

Résumé: Une méta-analyse largement citée (k = 20, N = 577) de Kirsch, Montgomery et Sapirstein (1995) a révélé que la TCC augmentée par hypnose (CBTH) était supérieure à la TCC seule d’au moins d = 0,53. Cependant, un manque de réplication totale et l’émergence de nouvelles études empiriques ont conduit à cette analyse actualisée. Un total de 48 traitements post- (N = 1 928) et de 25 traitements de suivi (N = 1 165) ont fait l’objet de cette méta-analyse. Les avantages de la CBTH ont été faibles à moyens mais statistiquement significatifs par rapport à la TCC en post-traitement (dIGPP / j = 0,25 à 0,41), et en particulier dans la gestion de l’humeur dépressive et de la douleur. Dans le suivi, il y avait un avantage de taille moyenne pour la CBTH (dIGPP / j = 0,54 à 0,59), et spécifiquement pour le traitement de l’obésité. Ces résultats soutiennent l’utilisation de l’hypnose en complément, comme améliorant l’efficacité et son maintien dans le temps de la TCC comme traitement.

Gerard Fitoussi, M.D.

Président-Elect of the European Society of Hypnosis

Nicolino Ramondo, Gilles E. Gignac, Carmela F. Pestell, y Susan M. Byrne

Resumen: Un metaanálisis muy citado (k = 20, N = 577), presentado por Kirsch, Montgomery y Sapirstein (1995) encontró que la TCC junto con hipnosis (TCCH) resultó superior a la TCC por sí misma en al menos d = 0.53. Sin embargo, la falta de replicas completas y la aparición de nuevos estudios empíricos motivaron este análisis actualizado. Se metaanalizaron un total de 48 estudios (N = 1,928) post tratamiento y 25 estudios de seguimiento (N = 1,165). La TCCH logró pequeñas a medianas ventajas estadísticamente significativas sobre la TCC en el post tratamiento (dIGPP/d = 0.25 to 0.41), específicamente en el manejo de afecto deprimido y dolor. Durante el seguimiento, se encontró una ventaja media de la TCC (dIGPP/d = 0.54 to 0.59), en espacial para el tratamiento de la obesidad. Estos resultados proveen más evidencia del uso de la hipnosis adjunta como un potenciador de la eficacia de la TCC como tratamiento.

Omar Sánchez-Armáss Cappello

Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico

Authors Note

This article is based on a doctoral dissertation prepared by Nick Ramondo under the supervision of Dr Gilles Gignac, Dr Carmela Pestell, and Dr Susan Byrne.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary Material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website.

Notes

1. A meta-analysis performed on the same 39 RCTs, based on one main DV, produced a slightly larger n-weighted effect size of dIGPP/d = 0.27 (p < .004, 95%CI:0.09/0.45), I2 = 62.74% (CI:43.27/80.02).

2. On this occasion, a meta-analysis performed on the same 18 RCTs using only one main DV produced a slightly smaller n-weighted effect size for CBTH of dIGPP/d = 0.52 (p < .001, 95%CI: 0.24/0.79), I2 = 67.33% (CI:40.90/88.96), with no substantial difference in I2 .

3. A dIGPP/= .41 = z = .41 = 66% of the normal distribution, while a dIGPP/d = .59 = z = .59 = 72% of the normal distribution (see Smith et al., Citation1980, p. 87).

4. The CI’s for Allison and Faith (Citation1996) and Kirsch (Citation1996) were calculated by Sapp et al. (Citation2007).

5. The difference between using reported and imputed SDs contributed approximately d = 0.64 toward the total mean effect size result at posttreatment.

6. The difference between using reported and imputed SDs contributed approximately d = 0.79 toward the total mean effect size result at follow-up.

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