Parameter identification of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads for smart grids using PDE techniques

Abstract

This paper develops methods for model identification of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) in smart grids, via partial differential equation (PDE) techniques. Control of aggregated TCLs provides a promising opportunity to mitigate the mismatch between power generation and demand, thus enhancing grid reliability and enabling renewable energy penetration. To this end, this paper focuses on developing parameter identification algorithms for a PDE-based model of aggregated TCLs. First, a two-state boundary-coupled hyperbolic PDE model for homogenous TCL populations is derived. This model is extended to heterogeneous populations by including a diffusive term, which provides an elegant control-oriented model. Next, a passive parameter identification scheme and a swapping-based identification scheme are derived for the PDE model structure. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of each method under various autonomous and non-autonomous scenarios. The proposed models can subsequently be employed to provide system critical information for power system monitoring and control.

Keywords:

• distributed parameter systems
• model identification
• smart grids
• parameter estimation
• demand side management

Acknowledgements

The first author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Paul-Hervé Tamokoue Kamga during his internship at University of California Berkeley. The second author is grateful for the support granted by the Otto Mønsted and Dir. Ib Henriksen foundations.