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Abstract
Recent trend shows that one of the crucial problems faced while using radio frequency to track the objects is the inconsistency of the signal strength reception, which can be mainly due to the environmental factors and the blockage, which always have the most impact on the tracking accuracy. Besides, three dimensions are more relevant to a warehouse scanning. Therefore, this study proposes a highly accurate and new three-dimensional (3D) radio frequency identification-based indoor tracking system with the consideration of different attenuation factors and obstacles. The obtained results show that the proposed system yields high-quality performance with an average error as low as 0.27 m (without obstacles and attenuation effects). The obtained results also show that the proposed tracking technique can achieve relatively lower errors (0.4 and 0.36 m, respectively) even in the presence of the highest attenuation effect, e = 3.3 or when the environment is largely affected by 50% of the obstacles. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed 3D tracking system has been proved by comparing with other existing approaches. The 3D tracking system proposed in this study can be applicable to a warehouse scanning.