Cities and pollution

Abstract

A study of air, water, noise and land pollution in Greater Manchester is described. Trends, generally downwards, in overall pollution levels are reviewed and the determinants of these levels discussed. The large variation in these determinants between the 71 local authorities which comprised Greater Manchester before reorganisation in April 1974 is reflected in the prevailing pollution levels. The differences in smoke and sulphur dioxide concentrations, average river and canal quality, traffic density (a measure of air and noise pollution from motor vehicles) and the proportion of land polluted by wastes are analysed. Disadvantaged areas, which experience the highest levels of most pollutants, are characterised by high population density, by high industrial activity and by low affluence. They generally appear to be affected by pollution exported by more affluent areas. It is recommended that increased attention be paid to the role of land use planning in controlling pollution and to the development of broader‐based systems of environmental inspection. The need for increased monitoring of pollution levels in the disadvantaged areas is stressed.