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Abstract
The Rio de Janeiro planetary summit of June 1992, marked the forceful entry onto the international scene of the preoccupations and desires with regard to the diversity of the living world. However, diversity of life has been known about for ages. So what's new? In the grand debate which has been launched, it is Man who is being questioned: Man as an element of this biodiversity; Man as a responsible being, challenged to assume his planetary responsibilities towards future generations. Thus, beyond the utilitarian arguments justifying the conservation of biodiversity, it is advisable to learn all the lessons relating to the lasting success of life on earth. If biodiversity is really a trump card for every species to adapt to a changing world, it is undoubtedly also a pledge to mankind, which depends on it, for long‐term sustainable development.