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Psychoanalytic Theory and Technique

Basic theoretical assumptions underpinning Faimberg’s method: “Listening to listening”

 

ABSTRACT

In this article, the author reviews the basic theoretical assumptions that underpin Faimberg’s method of “listening to listening.” It is emphasized that these assumptions cannot be altered without radically altering the method itself. A new and complex definition of “basic assumptions” that the author proposes helps us to understand how the logic of the method can “capture” the logic of the unconscious. One of the aims of the method is to hold a clinical discussion in a group in the frame of an “as yet situation,” a basic assumption of the author (originally designed for the clinical situation) that concerns psychic temporality. It concerns the situation that has not happened … yet, up to the moment we begin to discover, with surprise, the presenter's basic assumptions when working with his patient. Special attention is given to the impact of each participant's basic assumptions on how he engages in the discussion. This constitutes the main goal of the method. The method was originally devised to overcome the tendency to listen to clinical presentations on the basis of a privileged and unique theoretical perspective (whether or not recognized as such). The “listening to listening” function on which the method is based has its origin in a clinical concept proposed by the author. On the basis of “listening to listening,” a particular kind of misunderstanding can be detected. If, instead of being regarded as an obstacle, the misunderstanding is analysed through the method in question, recognizing the misunderstanding may offer the best possible way of gaining access to the different basic assumptions in play. The co-creation of a common language is another one of the aims of the method – a language whereby it becomes possible to recognize differences, so that the recurrent temptation can be more easily overcome of creating a single way of working in psychoanalysis. It recognizes differences instead of idealizing “sameness.” Recognition of otherness is the basic theoretical assumption most valued by the originator of the method, who is also the author of this article.

Dans cet article, l'auteur examine les présupposés théoriques qui sous-tendent la “méthode Faimberg 'l'écoute de l'écoute.'” L'accent est placé sur l'impossibilité de modifier les présupposés de base de la méthode sans changer radicalement la méthode elle-même. Une redéfinition complexe de ces présupposés de base proposés par l'auteur aide à mieux comprendre en quoi la logique de la méthode arrive à capturer la logique de l'inconscient. L'un des objectifs de cette méthode est de maintenir la discussion au sein du groupe dans le cadre d'une “situation non encore advenue,” un concept-clé de l'auteur concenant la temporalité psychique. Il recouvre la situation qui n'a pas encore eu lieu … jusqu'à ce que l'on découvre, avec surprise, les présupposés théoriques implicites du présentateur dans le travail avec son patient. Une attention toute particulière est donnée à l'impact que les présupposés théoriques implicites de chaque participant ont sur le déroulement de la discussion. C'est en cela que consiste l'objectif principal de la méthode, initialement conçue pour contrecarrer la tendance à écouter les présentations cliniques à partir d'une théorie unique privilégiée (reconnue comme telle ou non). C'est à partir de la fonction d “écoute de l'écoute” que l'on peut détecter un certain type de malentendu. La reconnaissance de l'altérité est le présupposé théorique le plus important selon l'auteur de la méthode, qui est également l'auteur du présent article.

En este artículo, la autora repasa los supuestos teóricos básicos sobre los cuales se fundamenta el “método Faimberg ‘la escucha de la escucha’.” Se enfatiza que no se pueden cambiar dichos supuestos sin que el método cambie radicalmente a su vez. Una nueva y compleja definición de los “supuestos básicos” que la autora propone ayudan a entender cómo la lógica del método puede “capturar” la lógica del inconsciente. Uno de los objetivos del método consiste en mantener la discusión en el grupo encuadrada en una “situación aún no advenida,” un supuesto básico de la autora (originariamente concebido para la situación clínica) que concierne la temporalidad psíquica. Se refiere a la situación que no tuvo lugar … aún, hasta el momento que empezamos a descubrir, en la sorpresa, los supuestos básicos del presentador cuando está trabajando con su paciente. Una atención muy particular es dada al impacto que los supuestos básicos de cada participante tienen en la propia discusión. Todo esto constituye el principal objetivo del método. El método fue inicialmente creado para superar la tendencia a escuchar las presentaciones clínicas a partir de una teoría privilegiada y única (reconocida como tal o no). La función de “escucha de la escucha” en que se basa el método tiene su origen en un concepto clínico propuesto por la autora. A partir de la “escucha de la escucha” puede detectarse un tipo particular de malentendido. Si en lugar de considerarlo como un obstáculo se lo analiza a través del método que presentamos, reconocer el malentendido puede convertirse en vía regia para acceder a los distintos supuestos básicos en juego. La co-creación de un lenguaje en común es otro objetivo del método – un lenguaje por el que se vuelve posible reconocer las diferencias, y de este modo facilita sobrepasar la recurrente tentación de crear un único modo de trabajar en psicoanálisis. Hace justicia a las diferencias en lugar de idealizar la “mismidad.” El reconocimiento de la alteridad es el supuesto teórico básico más valorizado por la autora del método, quien es así mismo autora del presente trabajo.

Notes

1 My thanks to John Churcher for his suggestion to translate into English “es decir la situación que no aconteció, aún” as “that is, the situation that has not happened … yet.

2 Illustrating misunderstanding, as an essential basic assumption, with clinical examples is an extremely complex matter, falling outside the limits of a single essay and requiring a separate study.

3 Such is the case in the congresses of the European Psychoanalytical Federation (EPF) and the Latin American Psychoanalytical Federation (FEPAL) and sometimes in the United States and in psychoanalytical associations (Faimberg Citation2010). In IPA congresses we at times see only six hours being offered. We have also had cases where there were three hours of discussion, in particular with IPSO (which brings together candidates from all psychoanalytical institutes) and sometimes in some psychoanalytical associations.

4 With Willy Baranger I supervised, attended seminars on Melanie Klein and for several years and studied the work of Lacan. I thus had the immense fortune of absorbing the fertile ideas of Baranger. I wonder whether Willy would have accepted my proposal that “when the analyst engages in decentred listening, he begins to recognize retroactively ‘something’ that was inaudible, perhaps both for the analyst and for the patient.” I wonder whether he would consider my proposition compatible with the spirit in which they had formulated the “bastion” concept. Metaphorically, this has a visual connotation (“the second look”) in the context of the “field theory” written with Madeleine Baranger. It is not possible for me to explore any further this fascinating topic in the context of this article.

5 We refer the reader to the entries for Bleger in the list of references. It is not possible within the limits of this article to do justice to the range of his thinking.

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