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Original Articles

Le modèle e´;coculturel: un cadre pour la psychologie culturelle comparative

Pages 53-64 | Published online: 18 Oct 2010
 

Abstract

L'objectif de cet article est d'argumenter, à partir d'une conception constructiviste de la connaissance scientifique, les fondements épistémologiques d'une approche culturelle comparative contemporaine, en invoquant la nécessité d'un paradigme heuristique de recherches, tel que peut l'être le modèle écoculturel de John Berry. Ce modè le est envisagé comme la modélisation systémique par un psychologue de phénomènes perçus complexes, en l'occurrence les relations “esprit-cerveau-culture” et leur développement. Au niveau individuel de l'analyse, on défend la nécessitéde dépasser la distinction classique entre des compétences et des performances. Les compétences sont différenciées ici en croyances intuitives (ou fonctions mentales élémentaires) et croyances réflexives (ou fonctions mentales supérieures). Celles-ci restent conçues comme étant conjointement à l'origine des comportements observables. Il en ressort la possibilité théorique d'un “constructivisme relativiste” qui pourrait convenir mieux que le “constructivisme universaliste”, tel que Jean Piaget l'a proposé. The main goal of this article is to examine the epistemological foundations of the contemporary cross-cultural psychology from a constructivist point of view. We argue for the necessity of heuristic paradigms like the eco-cultural framework of John Berry. Such an approach can be considered as a systemic modelling of complex phenomena by a psychologist (e.g., the relations of “mind-brain-culture” as well as their development). At the individual level, we argue the necessity to surpass the classic distinction between competence and performance. Competences are differentiated here as “intuitive representations” (or elementary mental functions) and “reflective representations” (or superior mental functions). Intuitive and reflective representations remain at the origin of both behaviour and performance. Such systemic conception allows the theoretical possibility of a “relativist constructivism” that could be more suitable than the “absolutist constructivism” proposed by Jean Piaget.

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