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ABSTRACT
Acomys exhibits specie-specific dental patterns. Different dental criteria allowing one to recognize the different Acomys species are given. We focus on the distinction between members of the A. cahirinus-A. dimidiatus complex. After the morphological description of the molars and the presentation of skull and external characteristics for each species, different evolutionary trends encountered within the genus are discussed on the basis of the dental patterns of fossil Acomys and recent developments in chromosome and electrophoretic studies. The validities of the three species A. airensis, A. cahirinus, and A. dimidiatus are confirmed, as they are clearly separated according to skull measurements. Members of the A. cineraceus complex exhibit heterogeneous characters, and a new subgenus name is proposed for A. subspinosus.