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ABSTRACT
In viviparous teleosts, the embryos are often incubated in embryotrophe in the ovarian follicles or in the ovarian lumen. The maternal-embryonic metabolic exchange is mediated by the embryotrophe. Organic material in the embryotrophe has been identified in several species of viviparous teleosts and may represent a potential source of nutrition for the embryos. When evaluating the existence of a true matrotrophic relationship, the maternal transfer of nitrogenous compounds, such as proteins and amino acids, and the subsequent embryonic retention of such compounds are of particular interest. Maternal and embryonic structural specializations may develop and facilitate physiological exchange of nitrogenous compounds, as observed in several species of viviparous teleosts. The physiological significance of maternal transfer of nitrogenous compounds in relation to embryonic growth and energetics has been investigated in only a few families.