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Pathology and Parasitology

Consumption of honey bees by Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Meropidae) in Mediterranean semiarid landscapes: a threat to beekeeping?

Consumo de abejas de la miel por Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Meroidae) en paisajes semiáridos mediterráneos: ¿una amenaza para la apicultura?

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Pages 193-201 | Received 12 May 2015, Accepted 25 May 2016, Published online: 27 Jun 2016
 

Abstract

The diet of several European bee-eater Merops apiaster colonies was studied in the Murcia Region (SE Spain) during the spring and summer of 2009, in order to assess their predation on the honey bee Apis mellifera. The examination of invertebrate remains found in pellets revealed the dominance of Hymenoptera and Coleoptera in the average diet, and a similar consumption of honey bees compared to other species of Hymenoptera. The number of honey bees and other Hymenoptera recorded in the pellets varied both spatially (between locations) and temporally (along the main reproductive phases). On average, it was estimated that a single bee-eater consumed 1333.39 ± 759.8 honey bees during its complete stay in the region, far below the theoretical regeneration capacity of a single honey bee colony (36,000–45,000 honey bees per month from April to July). Consequently, under normal circumstances the effect of bee-eater predation on local apiaries appears negligible, and partially dependent on the availability of alternative prey.

Se ha estudiado la dieta de varias colonias de abejaruco europeo (Merops apiaster) en la Región de Murcia (SE de España) durante la primavera-verano de 2009, con el fin de evaluar su predación sobre la abeja melífera Apis mellifera. El análisis de las egagrópilas reveló la dominancia de Hymenoptera y Coleoptera en la dieta media, y un consumo similar de abejas frente a otros himenópteros. Se detectó variación espacial (entre localidades) en el número de abejas y el de otros himenópteros, así como variación temporal (a lo largo de los principales periodos fenológicos). Se estimó un consumo medio de 1.333,39 ± 759,8 abejas por abejaruco a lo largo de toda su estancia en la Región, muy por debajo de la capacidad teórica de regeneración de una sola colonia de abejas (36.000-45.000 abejas al mes desde Abril hasta Julio). En consecuencia, bajo circunstancias normales, el efecto de la predación del abejaruco sobre los colmenares locales parece insignificante, y parcialmente dependiente de la disponibilidad de presas alternativas.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Joaquín Lozano and Carlos Zafra from AARM (Asociación de Apicultores de la Región de Murcia), and to COAG (Coordinadora de Asociaciones de Agricultores y Ganaderos) for their help and support (providing experimental hives for the study). We also thank Carmen Gracía Frago for her cooperation, and Pilar de la Rúa for her valuable comments that helped to improve the drafting of the manuscript.

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