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Hive Product Science

Total phenolic content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of ethanolic bee pollen extracts from three species of Malaysian stingless bee

Contenido total fenólico y flavonoide, y actividad antioxidante en extractos etanólicos de polen de tres especies diferentes de abeja malasia sin aguijón

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Pages 130-135 | Received 13 Jul 2016, Accepted 17 Jan 2017, Published online: 15 Mar 2017
 

Abstract

Bee pollen consists of flower pollen mixed with bee digestive enzymes and preserved with some honey and nectar. It contains high antioxidant activity due to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. This study was aimed at investigating the chemical profiles of bee pollen extracts from three species of Malaysian stingless bee, Trigona (Tetrigona) apicalis, Trigona (Heterotrigona) itama and Trigona (Geniotrigona) thoracica. Chemical profiles analyzed were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant assay. T. apicalis showed the highest TPC value (135.93 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g) followed by T. thoracica (103.62 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g) and T. itama (33.46 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g). The concentration of flavonoids in this study showed that T. thoracica had the highest TFC (31.80 ± 0.13 mg QE/g), followed by T. apicalis (25.72 ± 0.17 mg QE/g) and T. itama (15.28 ± 0.04 mg QE/g). In antioxidant measurement, T. thoracica gave higher percentage of DPPH inhibition with the EC50 was 0.86 ± 0.01 mg/ml. This was followed by T. apicalis at concentration of 1.05 ± 0.01 mg/ml and T. itama at 3.24 ± 0.03 mg/ml. In conclusion, bee pollen extract from T. thoracica showed the highest TFC and DPPH inhibition whereas T. apicalis showed the highest TPC value. Due to the diversity and complexity of the bee pollen, further investigations should be performed to further evaluate the chemical profiles of polyphenolic composition, which may be important for its health promoting effects.

El polen de abeja está compuesto de polen floral mezclado con las enzimas digestivas de las abejas, y preservado con miel y néctar. Contiene una alta actividad antioxidante debido a la presencia de polifenoles y flavonoides. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar el perfil químico de los extractos de polen de tres especies diferentes de abeja malasia sin aguijón, Trigona (Tetrigona) apicallis, Trigona (Heterotrigona) itama y Trigona (Geniotrigona) thoracica, Los perfiles químicos analizados fueron contenido total de fenoles (CTP), contenido total de flavonoides (CTF) y composición antioxidante. T. apicalis mostró altos valores de CTP (135.93 + 0.02 mg GAE/g) seguido por T. thoracica (103.62 + 0.04 mg GAE/g) y T. itama (33.46 + 0.02 mg GAE/g). La concentración de flavonoides en este estudio mostró que T. thoracica presenta los mayores índices de CTF (31.80 + 0.13 mg QE/g), seguido por T. apicalis (25.72 + 0.17 mg QE/g) y T. itama (15.18 + 0.04 mg QE/g). Respecto a las medidas de antioxidantes, T. thoracica obtuvo mayores porcentajes de inhibición por DPPH a EC50 con 0.86 + 0.01 mg/ml. Esto fue seguido por T. apicalis a una concentración de 1.05 + 0.01 mg/ml y T. itama con 3.24 + 0.03 mg/ml. En conclusión, el extracto de polen de T. thoracica mostró el mayor contenido en CTP e inhibición por DPPH mientras T. apicalis mostró los mayores valores de CTP. Debido a la diversidad y complejidad del polen, se deberían llevar a cabo más investigaciones para evaluar más profundamente el perfil químico de composición polifenólica, lo que podría ser importante por sus efectos para mejorar la salud.

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