Models of Student Supervision: The Apprentice, Growth, and Role Systems Models

Abstract

The authors have conceptualized three models of supervision: the apprentice, growth, and role systems models. This paper traces the history of each and analyzes their different components. Examples from field instruction are used to illustrate their impact on supervisory behavior. The paper emphasizes that learning in fieldwork is significantly related to the manner in which the role system is defined. The structure and process of the role systems model is identified. Content around communications, role expectations, and role performance is presented. It is believed that this model exerts a critical influence on student learning, influencing cognitive attitudes and behavior.