Investigation of an Activity-Based Text-Processing Strategy in Mixed-Age Child Dyads

Abstract

The authors examined an activity-based listening strategy with first- and third-grade children in mixed-grade dyads. On the basis of theories of cognitive development and previous research, the authors predicted the following: (a) children in an activity-based strategy would recall more story events compared with those in a repetition strategy and (b) children who performed activity would recall more events compared with those who observed activity. In addition, previous visual imagery research suggested that (c) recall in favor of the activity-based strategy would be observed when the toys were removed and imagery instructions were provided. The results confirmed the first prediction that the activity-based strategy would improve children's memory for story content. The second prediction was not supported: Physical manipulation did not improve memory beyond observing the actions performed by a peer. Last, third-grade students benefited from imagery instructions after training, whereas first-grade students did not. The authors discuss the theoretical and education implications of the results.

Keywords:

• activity
• embodiment theory
• imagery
• indexical hypothesis
• listening
• manipulatives
• strategy

Notes

In this article, we did not consider the other two components, phonemic awareness and reading fluency.

Although we do not subscribe to the practice of reporting effect sizes associated with statistical tests that are not significant (e.g., see Levin & Robinson, 2003; Onwuegbuzie & Levin, 2003), at the request of a reviewer of this journal, we included such effect sizes in Tables 1 and 2.