A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Reinforcer Preference in Elementary School Children

Abstract

This study demonstrates the application of a scientific method of reinforcer selection for children and tests the hypothesis that reinforcer preference fits a hierarchical or developmental progression model. A paired-comparison questionnaire was administered to second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade boys and girls ({N = 398). who were asked to choose the reinforcer they most preferred from each item pair. The data were analyzed using Schönemann and Wang's (1972) model for multidimensional analysis of paired comparisons data. For each group of students. preference ratings (BTL values) were determined for each of 20 stimuli. The two major dimensions influencing reinforcer preference were (a) physical or sedentary activities and (b) immediate or delayed gratification of the reinforcer. In addition, two minor dimensions influencing reinforcer preference were identified: (a) whether a reinforcer was social or tangible in nature and (b) peer value and activity.