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Abstract
To test Adams’ closed-loop theory of motor learning, which postulates a memory trace for response production and a perceptual trace for response evaluation, Ss in two experiments performed a ballistic manual response wherein a 26-in. movement was attempted in exactly 200 msec. Feedback (presence or absence of vision and audition on all trials) and KR (presence or absence of KR from E on Trials 20-45) were manipulated in a 2×2 design. KR withdrawal produced marked decrements in performance, with greater decrements for the limited feedback condition. The error detection mechanism developed over trials but was not dependent upon vision and audition. Findings provided mixed support for Adams’ closed-loop theory.