Dactylogyrids (Monogenoidea) parasitizing the gills of spinefoots (Teleostei, Siganidae): revision of Tetrancistrum Goto and Kikuchi, 1917, with descriptions of two new species from Siganus spp. of the Red Sea and Celebes

Abstract

Nine species of Siganus (Siganidae) and Naso brevirostris (Acanthuridae) were examined for Tetrancistrum spp. (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae). Tetrancistrum Goto and Kikuchi, 1917 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) is redefined, and the following species are reported and/or described from Australia, Egypt, and/or China: T. sigani Goto and Kikuchi, 1917 from S. fuscescens in Australia and China, T. fusiforme (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1967 from S. lineatus in Australia, T. polymorphum (Paperna, 1972) comb. n. from S. luridus in Egypt (new locality record), T. strophosolenus sp. n. and T. suezicum (Paperna, 1972) comb. n. from S. rivulatus in Egypt (new locality records), and T. makau nom. n. and T. longispicularis (Yamaguti, 1968) comb. n. from N. brevirostris in Australia (new locality records). Under the present revision, Tetrancistrum comprises 16 species: T. sigani (type species), T. fusiforme, T. indicum (Paperna, 1972) comb. n., T. kala (Yamaguti, 1968) comb. n., T. lebedevi Gupta and Sharma, 1982 (species inquirenda), T. longicirrus (Yamaguti, 1968) comb. n., T. longispicularis comb. n., T. lutiani Tubangui, 1931, T. makau nom. n., T. nasonis Young, 1967, T. oraminii Young, 1967, T. polymorphum comb. n., T. strophosolenus sp. n., T. suezicum comb. n., T. waltairense nom. n. (species inquirenda), and T. yamagutii sp. n. Pseudohaliotrematoides Yamaguti, 1953 and Pseudancyrocephalus Yamaguti, 1968 are placed in junior subjective synonymy with Tetrancistrum. Pseudohaliotrematoides granulosum Yao, Wang, Xia, and Chen, 1998 is a junior subjective synonym of T. sigani; P. polymorphus eilaticus Paperna, 1972, P. polymorphus indicus Paperna, 1972, and P. polymorphus suezicus Paperna, 1972 are elevated to specific rank and transferred to Tetrancistrum as T. polymorphum comb. n., T. indicum comb. n., and T. suezicum comb. n., respectively; T. strophosolenus sp. n. is described from S. rivulatus in Egypt; T. yamagutii sp. n. is described from specimens collected from Siganus sp. from Macassar, Celebes, by Yamaguti (1953); T. indicum Raju and Rao, 1978 is renamed T. waltairense nom. n. to remove it from homonomy with T. indicum (Paperna, 1972) comb. n.; Pseudancyrocephalus duplicatus Yamaguti, 1968 is a junior subjective synonym of T. nasonis Young, 1967; T. makau nom. n. is proposed for P. nasonis Yamaguti, 1968 to avoid homonymy with transfer of the species to Tetrancistrum; P. longicirrus Yamaguti, 1968, P. longispicularis Yamaguti, 1968, and P. kala Yamaguti, 1968 are transferred to Tetrancistrum. T. obesum Caballero, Bravo‐Hollis, and Grocott, 1955 and Pseudohaliotrematoides aurigae Yamaguti, 1968 are retained in Haliotrema Johnston and Tiegs, 1922; T. plectocirra (Paperna, 1972) Lim, 2002 is retained in Glyphidohaptor Kritsky, Galli, and Yang, 2007; P. bengalensis Gupta and Khanna, 1974, P. lutjanusi Gupta and Sharma, 1982, and P. rohdei Gupta and Sharma, 1982 are considered species inquirendae; P. chaetodipteri (Caballero and Bravo‐Hollis, 1961) Yamaguti, 1963 is returned to its original status of Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri Caballero and Bravo‐Hollis, 1961; Pseudohaliotrematoides falcatus Yamaguti, 1968, P. recurvatus Yamaguti, 1968, P. zancli Yamaguti, 1968 and T. longiphallus (MacCallum, 1915) Price, 1937 are considered incertae sedis; and P. microphallus Yamaguti, 1968 and P. triangulovagina Yamaguti, 1968 are retained in Euryhaliotrematoides Plaisance and Kritsky, 2004.

Keywords:

• Australia
• China
• Egypt
• Monogenoidea
• Naso brevirostris
• Siganus spp.
• Tetrancistrum
• Tetrancistrum strophosolenus sp. n.
• Tetrancistrum yamagutii sp. n.

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Dr Jun Araki (MPM), Eileen Harris (BMNH), Dr Eric Hoberg (USNPC), and Pat Pilitt (USNPC) for loan of specimens under their care. We are grateful to Dr Nirupama Agrawal, University of Lucknow, India, for her attempts to locate the type specimens of the species of Tetrancistrum and Pseudohaliotrematoides described from India, and to Drs Arik Diamant and Ilan Paperna of the Hebrew University, Israel, for information on T. strophosolenus sp. n. We are especially indebted to Dr Diamant, who gave permission to publish the description of the new species he first discovered while completing his PhD dissertation. The collections of siganids from the Great Barrier Reef were supported by an Australian Research Council Grant to Dr Thomas Cribb, University of Queensland, Australia. This study could not have been completed without Dr Cribb's hospitality provided to the senior author during his enjoyable and fruitful visit to Heron Island. We are also indebted to the following people for assistance during collection of hosts: Khaled Allam Harhash, National Parks of Egypt; Pan Jun, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China; Thomas Cribb, Matt Nolan, Nathan Bott, Megan Tibaldi, and Nicole Elphinstone, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Tim Littlewood and Peter Olson, Natural History Museum, London, UK; and Serge Morand and Laetitia Plaisance, Université de Perpignan, France. Finally, Paolo Parenti, University of Milano‐Bicocca, Italy, provided identifications of hosts collected from the Red Sea.