Helminth fauna of the invasive American red-eared slider Trachemys scripta in eastern Spain: potential implications for the conservation of native terrapins

Abstract

In this study we report on the helminth fauna of the invasive American red-eared slider Trachemys scripta in five localities from eastern Spain where this species co-occurs with two native, endangered freshwater turtles, i.e. Emys orbicularis and Mauremys leprosa. In total, 46 individuals of T. scripta were analysed for parasites. Adult individuals of three helminth species were found: the monogenean Neopolystoma orbiculare, the digenean Telorchis solivagus and the nematode Serpinema microcephalus. Telorchis solivagus and S. microcephalus are trophically transmitted parasites of native turtles that probably infected T. scripta through shared infected prey. Neopolystoma orbiculare infects T. scripta in its native Nearctic range and probably survived the overseas shipping of hosts due to the combination of a direct life cycle, long lifespan in turtles and crowding conditions that allowed frequent (re)infections. These findings entail potentially significant conservation consequences that deserve further attention. First, there was a successful spill-back of Telorchis solivagus and S. microcephalus to large invasive populations of T. scripta in the study area, which could eventually increase infection levels in native turtles. Second, the possibility of spill-over of N. orbiculare to native turtles should not be underestimated as this phenomenon has recently been reported in France. Given the pathogenic potential of N. orbiculare, its transference to native turtles could be troublesome.

Keywords:

• Trachemys scripta
• Emys orbicularis
• Mauremys leprosa
• parasitic invasions
• spill-over effect
• Neopolystoma orbiculare

Acknowledgements

We thank the Centro de Recuperación de Fauna La Granja (Valencia, Spain), which made available the specimens of T. scripta. Thanks are also due to members of the project LIFE-Trachemys for assistance, and to the Marine Zoology Unit (ICBiBE) at the University of Valencia for allowing us to use their facilities. The constructive criticism of two anonymous referees is greatly appreciated.