Metazoan parasites of Calophysus macropterus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Acre and Iaco rivers in the western Amazon region of Brazil: diversity, similarity and seasonal variation

ABSTRACT

The diversity, similarity and seasonal variation of metazoan parasite communities in Calophysus macropterus in the Acre and Iaco rivers, in the western Amazon (Brazil), was investigated. Parasites from 13 taxa were collected from C. macropterus in both rivers: four species of monogeneans, four nematodes, two cestodes, one digenean, one crustacean and one pentastomid. In hosts from the Acre river, Cucullanus pinnai predominated; while in hosts in the Iaco river, Monticellia amazonica predominated. The component communities of the parasites among the hosts in the two rivers presented high similarity (100%). Prevalence of Alinema amazonicum was higher in hosts in the Acre river; while the prevalence of C. pinnai was higher in hosts in the Iaco river and the mean prevalence and abundance of M. amazonica were higher in fish from the Iaco river. Regarding C. macropterus from the Acre river, infection levels by A. amazonicum were higher during the rainy season, while Demidospermus pinirampi only occurred in the dry season and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus only occurred in the rainy season. In hosts from the Iaco river, infections by larvae of Anisakidae gen. sp. were higher during the dry season, while infection by Rudolphiella piracatinga and Sebekia sp. only occurred in the rainy season. However, P. (S.) inopinatus, Ergasilus callophysus, Ameloblastella unapi, Demidospermus luckyi, Demidospermus macropteri and D. pinirampi only occurred in the dry season. High similarity of the component communities of the parasite was observed between the rainy and dry seasons. These results suggest that factors other than location and seasonality were influencing the communities and infracommunities of the parasites found. Lastly, C. macropterus is a new host for almost 50% of the parasite species found. In addition, the results from the present study have expanded the geographical range of these 13 species of parasites to the western Amazon region.

KEYWORDS:

• Catfish
• ecology
• freshwater fish
• infection
• seasonality

Acknowledgements

Authors thank to Dr. Tomaš Scholz and Dr. Philippe Vieira Alves for help in the identification of cestode species as well as the Dr. Fabiano Paschoal for the identification of crustaceans. Dr. Marcos Tavares-Dias was supported by a researcher fellowship of the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) (# 303013/2015-0). Dr. Felipe B. Pereira was supported by a Post-doctoral fellowship form Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado-Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) [303013/2015-0].