Fishes that eat sea anemones, a review

Abstract

A preliminary review is presented of fishes recorded to have consumed actiniarian and ceriantharian sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria and Ceriantharia). In most cases the sea anemones do not enter fish stomachs accidentally. Most of the anemone predating fish species tend to have a varied diet, but there are at least 13 species which forage for a considerable part on actinians and cerianthids. For the most part they do not belong to highly evolved fish families.

Keywords :

• Actiniaria
• Ceriantharia
• sea anemones
• fishes
• prey