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Abstract
Reciprocity-failure curves are derived for a variety of undigested emulsions developed in a developer which acts mainly on the surface latent image. These curves display a minimum of sensitivity between two maxima: a single maximum of speed can therefore no longer be regarded as a general property. The evidence presented leads to the conclusion that the effect is the result of a combination of the reciprocity failure curves of (I) a weak surface image efficiently developed, having a maximum at long exposure times and (2) a strong internal image weakly developed, having a maximum at short exposure times. The nature of the surface latent image and the relationship between the above findings and those of other workers are discussed briefly.