Fixer Composition and Washing Rates

*Paper presented at a symposium on Photographic Processing organized by the Royal Photographic Society, 21-24 September 1971 in the University of Sussex.

Abstract

Sodium and ammonium thiosulphate fixers were compared in respect of the rate of washing following fixation. No significant difference in washing rates was observed after fixing in thiosulphate-bisulphite solutions in acid conditions. In neutral solution the ammonium salt showed an advantage when fixing was carried to the stage of clearing. When acetic acid was present in the fixer with or without alum, the ammonium thiosulphate allowed easier washing.

Notes

*Paper presented at a symposium on Photographic Processing organized by the Royal Photographic Society, 21-24 September 1971 in the University of Sussex.