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Original Articles

Sensitization by Photographic Stabilizers as Related to their Influence upon Ionic Conductivity of Silver Bromide Emulsion Grains

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Pages 28-34 | Received 23 Jul 1979, Published online: 21 Jul 2016
 

Abstract

The interaction of photographic stabilizers with the surface of silver bromide grains was studied to clarify the mechanism of sensitization caused by the stabilizers. The dielectric loss and Dember effect methods were applied to the measurement of the ioni conductivity of cubic silver bromide emulsions to which photographic stabilizers and their related compounds were added. The compounds with adsorptivity to silver bromide grains decreased the ionic conductivity of the emulsion grains, and increased the photographic sensitivity of the emulsions. It is considered that sensitization by the stabilizers arises from the interaction of their anions with silver ions at kink sites, which results in a decrea e in the concentration of interstitial silver ions.

Résumé

Les interactions entre les stabilisateurs photographiques et la surface des grains de bromure d’argent ont été étudiées en vue de préciser Ie mécanisme de la sensibilisation provoquée par les stabihsaleurs. La conductibilité ionique d’émulsions de bromure d’argent cublque auxquelles avaient été ajoutés des stabilisateurs photographiques ou des composés de structures voisines a été déterminée par mesure de pertes diélectriques et de l’effet Dember. Les composés ’adsorbant sur les grains de bromure d’argent diminuent leur conductibilité ionique et accroissent leur sensibilité photographique. On considére que la sensibilisation par les stabilisateurs est due à la diminution de la concentration des ions argent interslltiels résultant des interactions entre les anion du stabilisateur et les ions argent situés sur les resauts.

Zusammenfassung

Urn den Mechanismus der durch Stabilisatoren bewirkten Sensibilisierung aufzuklären, wurde die Wechselwirkung photographischer Stabilisatoren mit der Oberflächc von Silberbromidkristallen photographischer Emulsionen untersucht. Ocr Einfluss von Stabili atoren und verwandter Verbindungen auf die lonenleitfähigkeit kubischer Silberbromidkrislalle wurde mittels Messung des dielektrisehen Verlustfaktors und des Dember-Effektes bestimmt. Verbindungen, die an Silberbromidkristallen adsorbiert werden, setzen die lonenleitfiihigkeit der Krislalie herab und erhöhcn die photographische Empfindlichkeit. Es wird angenommen, dass die Sensibilisierung durch Stabilisatoren von der Wechselwirkung der tabilisator-Anioncn mit Silbcrionen an “kink sites” herrührt. was eine Abnahme der Konzentration an ZWlschengiller-Silberionen zu Folge hat.

Riassunto

È tata studiata I’intcrazione degli stabilizzatori fotografici con la superificie dei granuli di bromuro d’argento per chiarire il meccanismo della sensibiliualione causata dagli stabiliZzalori. Missure di perdita dieleltrica e di effeto Dember sono servite per valutare la conducibllita ionica delle emulsioni cubiche di argento bromuro aile quali sono stati aggiunti gli stabihllaton fotografici e loro denvati. I composti che adsorbiti sui granuli di bromuro d’argento fanno diminuire la conducibilità ionica risultano aumentare la sensibilità fotografica delle emulsioni. Si ritiene che la sensibilillazione da stabllillatori derivi dalla interazione dei loro anioni con gli ioni argento nei flessi delle dislocazioni con conseguente diminuzione della concentrazione degli ioni argento interstiziali.

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