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Original Articles

Electron Microscope Studies on the Empty Tubes in Developed FilamentsFootnote*

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Pages 192-196 | Received 24 Feb 1983, Published online: 21 Jul 2016
 

Abstract

The conditions for the occurrence of empty tubes in several kinds of developed silver were studied with the electron microscope. Besides the conditions of development, the manner of bombardment by the electron beam, the fixing time and the way by which the sample is prepared all influence the occurrence of empty tubes. These facts do not agree with the predictions based on Mueller's hypothesis: the conditions for the occurrence of empty tubes are not so certain. However, the observation that there is some difference in the stability of filaments was verified. In the filaments formed in ideal chemical development, after a prolonged fixation, a very thin string was observed within most of the lubes.

Résumé

Les conditions pour qu’il y ait des tubes vides parmi les différentes formes de l’argent développé ont été étudiées par microscopie électronique. A côté du développement, le bombardement par le faisceau d’électrons, la durée du fixage et la technique de préparation de l’échantillon ont une influence marquée sur la présence de tubes vides. Ces observations ne s’accordent pas avec les prévisions déduites de l’hypothèse de Mueller: les conditions de formation des tubes vides sont rien moins que certaines. On a vérifié cependant que les filaments présentaient des différences de stabilité. Parmi les filaments formés par développement chimique pur, on a observé, après un long fixage, qu’il y avait des fils fins à l’intérieur de la plupart des tubes.

Zusammenfassung

Die Bedingungen für das Auftreten von leeren Fäden bei verschiedenen Arten von entwickeltem Silber wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Abgesehen von den Entwicklungsbedingungen wird das Auftreten leerer Fäden von der Stärke des Elektronenstrahls und der Art der Probenpräparation beeinflusst. Diese Befunde stehen in Widerspruch zu Voraussagen, die auf Muellers Hypothese beruhen die Bedingungen für das Auftreten leerer Fäden sind nicht so einfach. Indessen wurden Unterschiede in der Stabilität von Fäden bestätigt. In beidealer Entwicklung entstandenen Fäden wurde bei den meisten nach ausgedehnter Fixierung ein sehr dünner, zäher zentraler Strang gefunden.

Riassunto

Sono state studiate, col microscopio elettronico, le condizioni di formazione di tubi vuoti in diversi tipi di argento sviluppato. Influenzano la formazione di tubi vuoti le condizioni di sviluppo, le modalità di bombardamento col raggio elettronico, il tempo di fissaggio e il modo con cui il campione è preparato, Questi fatti sono in disaccordo con le previsioni basate sull’ipotesi di Mueller: le condizioni per la formazione di tubi vuoti non sono così sicure. Si è osservato che esiste una certa differenza nella stabilità dei filamenti. Nei filamenti formati in uno sviluppo chimico ideale, dopo prolungato fissaggio, si osserva un cordone molto sottile nella maggior parte dei tubi.

Notes

* Thi paper is based 011 the M.S. thesis by the former author carried out at the Institute in 1982.

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