The Twenty Item Values Inventory (TwIVI) in Portuguese Adults: Factorial Structure, Internal Consistency, and Criterion-Related Validity

Abstract

The Schwartz Model of Basic Values is an influential framework that describes what people find important and worth pursuing in life. The model proposes that ten human values are found cross-culturally, and so significant efforts have gone into empirically testing these claims. While instruments such as the Portrait Values Questionnaire-40 (PVQ-40) reliably discriminated the full set of theorized values, briefer versions have either suffered from a lack of construct validity (PVQ-21) or from not having been put through a rigorous statistical test of its underlying structure (Twenty Item Values Inventory [TwIVI]) via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The present study, using a Portuguese sample of adults (n = 524), is the first to examine the factorial structure of the TwIVI via CFA. We apply a magnifying glass approach by testing two separate models, each covering five values, which reflect the Growth and Self-protective dimensions. Moreover, we provide evidences that the TwIVI is reliable and capable of capturing the theorized quasi-circumplex structure, and the cross-cultural gender differences and relative hierarchical importance of values. Finally, we establish criterion-related validity, with values correlating with political identity and social and economic issues.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any potential conflict of interest.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following link: https://osf.io/k2p49/

Ethics statement

Our study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. We report how we determined our sample size, all data exclusions, all manipulations, and all measures used in the study.