The Self-Esteem of Pupils from India, the United States, and the Philippines

Abstract

Six groups of pupils (males and females) from the United States, India, and the Philippines were compared in self-esteem by gender and country. Because all pupils were educated in schools where English was the language spoken, it was not necessary to use Indian or Filipino self-perception instruments. Therefore, the Coopersmith (1959) Self-Esteem Inventory was administered to all 285 pupils in the respective countries and classrooms. A 3 × 2 analysis of variance revealed significant main effects by country but not by gender.