Factors Influencing Pedestrian Cautiousness in Crossing Streets

Abstract

In an observational study of the perception of risks and cautionary behaviors displayed by 571 pedestrians waiting to cross signal-controlled intersections in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, cautiousness was measured by distance stood from the curb and whether a pedestrian checked for traffic before crossing. Female and older pedestrians were more perceptive of risks and were more cautious. Greater caution was demonstrated when outside temperatures were warm rather than cold, when traffic volumes were low, when crosswalks were icy rather than dry, and when pedestrian volumes were low. The impact of pedestrian volumes was interpreted in terms of a diffusion of responsibility and the concept of safety in numbers. Width of crosswalk and time of day did not significantly affect cautiousness.