The Paleo-Indian and Archaic Occupation of the Tucson Basin: An Overview

Abstract

Evidence for the occupation of the Tucson Basin during the Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods is presented and assessed. There is at present no conclusive evidence for Paleo-Indian utilization of the basin, although Clovis sites and isolated Clovis projectile points are known from areas bordering it. There is also weak evidence suggesting a possible Plainview presence in the area. In addition, it has been proposed that the pre- or nonprojectile point San Dieguito I industry is represented during Paleo-Indian times. The Archaic period is somewhat belter known. Forty-four Archaic or possible Archaic sites have been recorded in the Tucson Basin, which document with certainty the presence of Middle and Late Archaic hunter-gatherers here. No such firm evidence of Early Archaic occupation exists at present, but it is possible that the area was utilized at that time as well. The long-standing lack of organized, professional research on both Paleo-Indian and Archaic sites in the Tucson Basin is noted, and a plea is made for the correction of this situation.