Publication Cover
KIVA
Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 60, 1995 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Early Formative Period Chronology for the Tucson Basin

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Pages 481-529 | Published online: 26 Jul 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Archaeological discoveries in the past decade necessitate a reevaluation of views about the Early Formative period (A.D. 1–800) in the Tucson Basin. Traditionally, the local cultural pattern during this period was believed to have been affiliated with the Pioneer period of the Gila Basin Hohokam culture. This viewpoint was formed on the basis of a few decorated Pioneer period ceramics that had been found in the Tucson Basin. Similarities in technological and decorative attributes between these Tucson Basin painted ceramics and their homologues at the site of Snaketown suggested that the cultural developments in the Tucson Basin had been dependent upon the Pioneer period Hohokam cultural pattern. Significant new evidence calls this traditional view into question. A review of this evidence and the chronological outline we develop from it suggests that the Early Formative period in the Tucson Basin predates the appearance of Pioneer period Hohokam in Tucson and is part of a much broader pan-Southwestern cultural tradition that emerges at the end of the Archaic period.

RESUMEN

Los descubrimientos arqueológicos de la última decada requieren una reevaluación de las perspectivas sobre ei período Formativo Temprano (1–800 A.c.) en la Cuenca de Tucson. Tradicionalmente se consideraba que el patrón cultural local durante este período estuvo afiliado al período Pionero de la Cultura Hohokam en la Cuenca del Río Gila. Esta perspectiva se basaba en la presencia de escasos ejemplos de cerámica del período Pionero en la Cuenca de Tucson. Paralelos en tecnología y atributos decorativos entre la cerámica de Tucson y aquélla recuperada en el sitio Snaketown sugirieron que los desarrollos culturales en la Cuenca de Tucson se derivaron dei patrón cultural del período Pionero Hohokam. Nueva y significativa evidencia cuestiona esta perspectiva tradicional. En este artículo examinamos nueva evidencia y desarrollamos un esquema cronológico basado en ella, el cual sugiere que el período Formativo Temprano en la Cuenca de Tucson antecede a la aparición del período Pionero Hohokam en esta región, siendo parte de una tradición cultural pan-Suroeste mucho más amplia que emerge al final del período Arcaico.

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