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KIVA
Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 63, 1998 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

War and Water: An Ecological Perspective on Hohokam Irrigation

Pages 263-301 | Published online: 26 Jul 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Competition among Hohokam settlements may have been instrumental in the operation of the canal systems; this is proposed as an alternative to models suggesting the need for a central authority to coordinate irrigation-related activities. Settlements at the ends of the canals could have used force against those closer to the headgates to obtain a share of irrigation water, but if threatened by an outside group, all settlements on the same canal would act in concert to defend their common headgate. The irrigation system generated an ecological basis for the complementary opposition of independent segments. A shortage of suitable headgate locations selected for irrigation districts that could expand to include multiple settlements, and therefore more people. Architectural data on platform mounds, collected from archived records and early published reports, are consistent with important implications of the hypothesis. The use of irrigation in the Hohokam region did not select for a system of centralized managerial authority, but it created conditions in which settlements on the same canal were forced to act as territorial blocs.

RESUMEN

Se plantea que la competencia entre los asentamientos Hohokam pudo haber sido instrumental operacional del sistema de canales, esta afirmación se propone como una alternativa a modelos que sugieren que se necesita de una autoridad central que coordine las actividades relacionadas a la irrigación. Los asentamientos a los extremos de los canales pudieron haber usado fuerza coerciva hacia aquellos cercanos a la boca del canal para obtener suministros de agua, pero si fueron intimidados por miembros ajenos, todos los asentamientos en el mismo canal pudieron actuar para defender su bifurcación común. El sistema de irrigación generó una base ecológica para la oposición complementaria de los segmentos independientes. Una falta de lugares apropriados para tomos limitó a los distritos de irrigación que fueron capables ampliar para incluir a poblaciones multiples, y por lo tanto, más gente. Los datos arquitectónicos de los montes de plataformas, recogidos de archivos y reportes publicados tempranos, son consecuentes con implicaciónes importantes del hipótesis. El usaje de irrigación en el region Hohokam no selectó por una systema de autoridád centralizada, sino produjo condicionés en qúe poblaciónes en el mismo canal fueron fuerzadas actar como bloques territoriales.

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