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Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 83, 2017 - Issue 4
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Gallina Research in the 21st Century

Investigating Projectile Point Raw Material Choices and Stylistic Variability in the Gallina Area of Northwestern New Mexico

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Abstract

Relatively little attention has been given to projectile point morphology and raw material use in the Gallina (AD 1100–1300) area of northwestern New Mexico. Analysis of projectile points among six Gallina sites illustrates the spatial distribution of general point styles and material choice across the west, central, and eastern parts of the culture area. The composition of raw materials within the Gallina culture area gives insight to the differential use of sources among the Gallina people. X-ray fluorescence characterization of obsidian Gallina projectile points allows for a fine-grained examination of Gallina obsidian procurement patterns from these sites across the culture area. Results of this study indicate a differential use of obsidian flows within the Jemez Mountains and some stylistic differences across the study sites. Furthermore, the collection and re-working of Archaic/Paleoindian points by the Gallina serves as a proxy for toolstone choices of these groups occupying the area prior to Gallina arrival. We also discuss differential use of materials, namely obsidian and Pedernal chert, with neighbors during the 13th century AD.

Se ha prestado relativamente poca atención a la morfología de las puntas líticas y al uso de materias primas líticas en el área de Gallina (1100–1300 DC) del noroeste de Nuevo México. El análisis de las puntas líticas entre seis sitios de Gallina ilustra la distribución espacial de los estilos de puntas generales y la elección de materiales a través de las partes oeste, central y oriental del área de cultivo. La composición de las materias primas dentro del área de la cultura Gallina da una idea del uso diferencial de yacimientos de lítica entre el pueblo Gallina. La caracterización por espectrometría defluorescencia de rayos X de las puntas líticas Gallina de obsidiana permite un examen detallado de los patrones de adquisición de obsidiana Gallina de estos sitios a través del área de cultivo. Los resultados de este estudio indican un uso diferencial de los flujos de obsidiana dentro de las montañas Jemez y algunas diferencias estilísticas a través de los sitios de estudio. Además, la recolección y la reutilización de puntas Arcaico / Paleoindian por la Gallina sirve como un proxy para las opciones de herramientas de piedra de estos grupos que ocupan el área antes de la llegada de Gallina. También se discute el uso diferencial de materias primas líticas, como ser obsidiana y Pedernal chert, con los vecinos durante el siglo 12-13 DC.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [grant number BCS1110793]; National Science Foundation [grant number ID 2014165581].

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