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Original Articles

Subjugated in the San Juan Basin: Identifying Captives in the American Southwest

 

Abstract

For over two decades archaeologists and bioarchaeologists have identified evidence to suggest that there was a system of captivity and subjugation in the American Southwest before the arrival of Europeans. However, to understand the practice of taking captives in the region, we must attempt to determine why people are subjugated and who is at risk of being enslaved. The focus of this paper is to understand the signs of captivity in the archaeological and bioarchaeological record, and parse out possible motivations for why slavery or raiding for captives was practiced among the Ancestral Pueblo. Using evidence from oral traditions and historical texts of the Spanish colonizers, archaeological evidence of environmental stress, changes in paleodemography at sites, and data obtained from human skeletal remains, this paper explores the likelihood that the practice of captive-taking was present among the Ancestral Pueblo.

Hace más de dos décadas, arqueólogos y bioarqueólogos han identificado evidencia que sugerir un sistema de cautiverio y subyugación en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos antes de la llegada de los europeos. Sin embargo, para comprender mejor la costumbre de la esclavitud en la región, es importante determinar lo que motivar la subyugación además de quienes eran los esclavizados. Este trabajo revela la evidencia de cautiverio en el registro arqueológico y bioarqueológico, y también indica unas motivaciones posibles en la práctica de la esclavitud entre los Pueblos Ancestrales. Las tradiciones orales y textos históricos de los colonizadores españoles, evidencia arqueológica que indica perturbaciones ambiental y cambios en la paleodemografía, y datos bioarqueólogicos de los restos humanos iluminan la esclavitud entre los Pueblos Ancestrales.

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